Investment Funds & Regulation
AI Organisational Design
AI Models & Programming in FS
AI Management in FS
AI Fundamentals in FS
Data and Analytics
Capital Markets
Designated Persons Certificate
MSc in Compliance
AI, Digital & Innovation
Wealth & Financial Advice
Retail Banking
Funds & Asset Management
Risk & Compliance (GRC)
Credit & Lending
Risk Management
ESG
Culture
Executive Education
Short Courses
Skills Accelerator
NFQ Level 7
NFQ Level 8
NFQ Level 9 (Postgrad)
Funded Programmes
Accredited Funds Professional (AFP)
Accredited Product Advisor (APA)
Certified Bank Director
Certified Investment Fund Director
Chartered Banker
Professional Banker
Qualified Financial Advisor (QFA)
Registered Stockbroker
Gateway to CFP® designation
Programmes
News
Insights
Events
Sustainable Finance Primer
Prospectus 2026/2027
Membership
Student Info
International Students
IOB Learn
Funding & Scholarships
CPD
UCD
Help Centre
Who We Are
Our Council
Regional Committees
Governance
Contact
A glossary
If you are interested in finding out more about IOB’s sustainability strategy and programmes we offer, please send us some information and we will be in touch.
The Institute of Bankers in Ireland, trading as “IOB” takes privacy and the protection of our customer, affiliate, member, student and designate data very seriously. In this notice, we explain how we collect your personal information, how we use it and how you can interact with us about it.
When we talk about “IOB”, or “us” or “we” in this notice, we are talking about IOB and, where applicable, its wholly owned subsidiary company “IFS DAC” (trading as Institute of Financial Services Designated Activity Company).
This privacy notice describes how we collect and use the personal information of individuals we engage with (such individuals are referred to in this notice as “data subject” or “you”).
The table below describes the categories of individuals to whom this notice applies.
This notice does not form part of any contract to provide services. We may update this notice at any time.
IOB may provide supplementary privacy notices where particular processing activities require more detailed transparency information than is contained within this Data Protection Notice. Such notices should be read together with this Notice and may apply to recruitment and applicant activities, employment-related processing, online assessment and invigilation activities, photography, filming and audio recording, research activities and other specific processing activities where additional transparency information is appropriate.
It is important that you read this notice, together with any other privacy notice we may provide on specific occasions when we are collecting or processing personal data about you, so that you are aware of how and why we are using such data.
IOB is a “data controller”. This means that we are responsible for deciding how we hold and use personal data about you. We are required under data protection legislation to notify you of the information contained in this privacy notice.
For certain educational programmes, professional designations, certification schemes, accreditation activities and continuing professional development ("CPD") services, IOB may act as a joint controller with an educational institution, professional body, accreditation body or other organisation where both organisations jointly determine the purposes and means of processing personal data.
Where a joint controller arrangement applies, personal data may be exchanged between the joint controllers for purposes including:
programme administration;
learner and member support;
assessment and certification activities;
designation administration and renewal;
CPD monitoring and compliance activities;
quality assurance and governance;
regulatory reporting;
audit and compliance activities; and
the exercise, establishment or defence of legal claims.
Examples of organisations with which IOB may act as a joint controller include educational partners, professional bodies, designation providers, accreditation organisations and examination bodies (e.g. UCD, the Compliance Institute, the Central Bank of Ireland, Insolvency Service of Ireland (ISI), Chartered Institute of Bankers in Scotland (CIOBS)).
Where IOB acts as a joint controller, responsibilities for compliance with data protection legislation are allocated between the parties in accordance with applicable law. Further information regarding applicable joint-controller arrangements, including the essence of those arrangements, is available on request from the Data Protection Officer.
We process personal data for the purposes of recruitment and for the formation and administration of the contract of employment and employee relationship in support of IOB’s operations. A detailed privacy notice for IOB employees is available from Human Resources and is provided to new members of staff with their contract. Additional information regarding recruitment and employment processing is contained within the Recruitment & Applicant Privacy Notice and Employee Privacy Notice.
We process personal data relating to suppliers, contractors, consultants, associate faculty, educational partner representatives and other business contacts for the purposes of supplier onboarding, due diligence, contract administration, procurement, payment processing, relationship management, regulatory compliance, governance, audit and business operations.
This may include contact details, professional information, contractual information, financial information, payment records, bank account details, taxation information and records of communications with IOB.
Further information regarding the purposes, lawful bases and categories of personal data processed is provided in the processing activities table below.
Some IOB programmes, educational activities or apprenticeship-related services may involve the processing of personal data relating to children or individuals under the age of 18.
Where IOB processes personal data relating to children, we will do so in accordance with applicable data protection legislation and will implement additional safeguards appropriate to the nature of the processing and the age of the individual concerned.
Where required, IOB may communicate with a parent, guardian, employer, sponsor, training provider, educational institution or other authorised representative regarding matters connected with programme administration, learner welfare, regulatory obligations, assessment activities or the provision of educational services.
Where an IOB service is directed to, or regularly used by, individuals under 18, IOB will provide age-appropriate privacy information in clear and accessible language at the relevant collection point. Depending on the activity and the individual’s age, IOB may also provide information to, or obtain authorisation from, a parent or guardian where required by law or appropriate to the service.
“Personal data” means any information about an individual from which that person can be identified. It does not include data where the identity has been removed (anonymous data). There are “special categories of personal data” which require a higher level of protection. These include personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs or trade union membership; genetic data; biometric data processed for the purpose of uniquely identifying a person; data concerning health; and data concerning a person’s sex life or sexual orientation.
We collect different types of personal data depending on your relationship with us. To make this easier to understand, we have grouped personal data into the categories below.
Where relevant, additional governance controls and safeguards may apply to certain types of personal data, including criminal offence data, government identifiers, biometric data, children's data and international transfers.
We collect personal information from you, for example when you become a member; or a customer in order to create an account on IOB Learn; register for an educational programme; apply for information on our products and services; apply for a designation/CPD scheme or express an interest in one of our programmes or a programme offered in association with one of our educational partners; provide a service to IOB; become a Council member; apply for a job with IOB etc. We also collect information through our websites, web-conferencing, social media, the IOB Learn application, CCTV footage and through communication between you and IOB by telephone, email and chat (via our websites) (for example, when you make enquiries about a programme or when you are raising concerns or queries).
We will create some data internally (e.g. when we assign you an IOB customer number or you become a council member or determine assessment results or exchange correspondence with you).
We will also collect additional personal information throughout the period you remain a member or student of IOB, council member, corporate customer, or you continue to interact/work with or provide a service to IOB or purchase products/services from us.
In some circumstances, we obtain personal data about you from sources other than directly from you. The source of the information depends on your relationship with IOB and the service or activity concerned.
We may obtain personal data from:
employers, sponsors, educational institutions, professional bodies or other organisations that nominate, sponsor, fund or administer your participation in IOB programmes, services, membership schemes, professional designations or continuing professional development activities;
referees, previous employers, recruitment agencies, educational institutions, qualification-awarding bodies and other third parties involved in recruitment, employment or workforce-related processes;
educational partners, lecturers, tutors, examiners, moderators, invigilators, mentors and other contributors involved in the delivery, assessment or administration of educational, professional development or examination services;
parents, guardians or authorised representatives acting on behalf of a learner where appropriate.
service providers and suppliers who support the delivery of our programmes, examinations, online services, customer support, technology platforms and business operations;
regulators, accreditation bodies, professional standards bodies, government departments and public authorities where information is provided to us in connection with legal, regulatory or professional requirements;
publicly available sources, including publicly accessible registers, professional directories, company records, regulatory publications, websites and other publicly available information sources where permitted by law; and
individuals acting on your behalf, including authorised representatives, guardians, attorneys or other persons authorised to communicate with us in relation to your affairs.
Where we obtain personal data from third parties, we will process that information in accordance with applicable data protection legislation and provide any additional transparency information required by law, including information regarding the source of the data and how it will be used.
IOB websites and digital services may use cookies and similar technologies to operate our websites, improve functionality, understand usage and support online services. Some third-party tools, including chat, help centre or analytics tools, may also use cookies or similar technologies. Further information is provided through our cookie settings or cookie notice, where applicable. Where chat or help centre functionality is provided by a third-party provider, that provider may use cookies or similar technologies in connection with that service.
We will only use your personal data when the law allows us to. Most commonly, we will use your personal data in the following circumstances:
Where we need to perform the contract we have entered into with you;
Where we need to comply with a legal obligation;
Where we obtain your consent;
Where it is necessary for our legitimate interests (or those of a third party) and your interests and fundamental rights do not override those interests;
Where processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest, where applicable;
We may also use your personal data, which is likely to be rare, where we need to protect your interests (or someone else’s interests).
The table below describes the legal basis that applies to our purposes for processing your personal data and for the categories of individuals that applies to. Depending on the circumstances, more than one legal basis may apply.
IOB uses information generated through its educational systems, learning management systems, educational platforms and associated learning technologies to help administer programmes, support learners and improve educational services. Engagement information may include attendance records, participation in online learning activities, access to learning resources, viewing of recorded educational content, completion of learning activities, assessment participation and other indicators of academic engagement. Such information is reviewed by appropriately authorised staff and is used to support learners and enhance the quality and effectiveness of IOB's educational services. IOB does not make decisions producing legal or similarly significant effects based solely on automated analysis of learner engagement information.
IOB uses a range of educational, assessment and examination technologies to support the delivery of programmes, assessments, academic integrity processes, online examinations, identity verification, examination monitoring, online invigilation and learner support activities. Additional information regarding these activities, including the categories of personal data processed, applicable retention periods, recipients and safeguards, is provided in relevant supplementary privacy notices where applicable.
IOB may use AI-enabled educational technologies to support learning, revision, information retrieval, learner engagement and student support activities. Such systems may process information submitted by learners during their interactions with the service, together with associated usage and technical information. Where AI-enabled services are deployed, IOB will provide activity-specific information, where required, about the service provider and its role, the information processed, purposes, recipients, retention, international transfers, human oversight, whether submitted content is used to improve or train models, and any restrictions on entering personal or special-category data. Learners should not submit personal data about another person, special-category data or confidential information unless expressly requested and authorised for the relevant service.
IOB may contact you with information about our membership services, professional designations, educational programmes, examinations, events, CPD activities, publications and other products or services which may be relevant to your relationship with IOB.
Such communications may be provided by post, telephone, email, SMS or other digital communication channels where permitted by law.
You may update your marketing preferences at any time through available self-service facilities, where provided, or by contacting IOB directly.
IOB may capture photography, film and audio recordings in connection with educational activities, conferences, events, ceremonies, promotional activities and organisational communications. Additional information regarding the purposes, lawful bases, retention arrangements, publication of images and the exercise of privacy rights is available in the Supplementary IOB Photography, Filming and Audio Recording Privacy Notice.
If you fail to provide certain data when requested, we may not be able to perform the contract we have entered into with you (such as paying you or providing a service to you) or we may be prevented from complying with our legal obligations.
We will only use your personal data for the purposes for which we collected it, unless we reasonably consider that we need to use it for another reason and that reason is compatible with the original purpose. If we need to use your personal data for an unrelated purpose, we will notify you and we will explain the legal basis which allows us to do so.
Please note that we may process your personal data without your knowledge or consent, in compliance with the above rules, where this is required or permitted by law.
“Special categories of personal data” require higher levels of protection. We have in place appropriate safeguards which we are required by law to maintain when processing such data. Depending on the activity, we process special-category personal data only where an applicable condition under Article 9 GDPR and relevant Irish law is available. In limited cases, that condition may be your explicit consent. Where we rely on consent, you may withdraw it at any time, without affecting the lawfulness of processing carried out before withdrawal.
Less commonly, we may process this type of data where it is needed in relation to legal claims or where it is needed to protect your interests (or someone else’s interests) and you are not capable of giving your consent, or where you have already made the information public.
We may use special-category personal data in the following circumstances:
We will consider your physical or mental health information, or disability status, to determine eligibility of students for special assistance requirements for assessments or the postponement of programmes (Leave of Absence applications “LOA”) or deferral of assessments/programme modules (Extenuating Circumstances applications “IX”).
We will consider your physical or mental health information to determine eligibility of members, students, designates for fee waivers.
We will consider your physical or health information to assess the eligibility of designates for reduced CPD requirements (Pro-rata applications).
We may consider health, disability, medical, welfare or other special category information where you provide it in connection with an appeal, complaint, academic integrity process, disciplinary matter, extenuating circumstances request, special considerations request, fee waiver, pro-rata CPD application or other support request.
We will consider information about your health for the purpose of determining food and beverages that should be served at our events, provide you with information about accessibility to our events and/or your attendance needs at our events as well as to facilitate same.
Supporting medical evidence submitted in connection with any of these processes will only be accessible to authorised personnel with a legitimate need to know and will be retained only for as long as necessary to assess and administer the application, after which it will be securely deleted in accordance with IOB's Records Retention Schedule.
Additional information regarding the processing of special category personal data in specific contexts may be provided in supplementary privacy notices.
We do not need your consent if we use special categories of your personal data in accordance with the provisions set out under law. However, in certain circumstances, we may approach you for your written consent to allow us to process certain particularly sensitive data. If we do so, we will provide you with full details of the information that we require and the reason we need it, so that you can carefully consider whether you wish to consent. You should be aware that it is not a condition of your contract with us that you agree to any request for consent from us.
IOB does not routinely collect or process personal data relating to criminal convictions or offences. We may process such data only in limited circumstances where the processing is necessary and proportionate, an applicable Article 6 GDPR lawful basis is available, and the processing is carried out under the control of official authority or is authorised by applicable EU or Irish law providing appropriate safeguards, as required by Article 10 GDPR. This may include circumstances involving legal advice, the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims, regulatory or statutory requirements, safeguarding, fraud prevention, disciplinary or fitness and probity processes, where legally authorised. Access will be restricted to authorised personnel, and appropriate security and retention controls will apply. Further information about a particular activity will be provided where required.
IOB uses automated processing in certain limited contexts, including the automated scoring of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) assessments against examiner-approved answer keys. Automated processing may also be used within educational technologies, learning platforms and examination systems for administrative, monitoring and support purposes.
However, IOB does not currently make decisions based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produce legal effects concerning an individual or similarly significantly affect them, except where permitted by law and subject to appropriate safeguards. Where human review, academic judgement, appeals, moderation, quality assurance or other decision-making processes apply, those activities are not treated as solely automated decision-making.
If IOB introduces any processing that falls within Article 22 GDPR, we will provide the information and safeguards required by applicable law.
We will share your personal data with third parties where required by law, where it is necessary to administer the working relationship with you or where we have another legitimate interest in doing so.
“Third parties” includes third-party service providers (including contractors and designated agents). The following activities are carried out by third-party service providers: payroll and administration, hosting CRM systems, customer support and case management platforms, credit card and payment providers, providers of online registration and direct debit forms, media monitoring, printers, IT service and support providers, online assessment/exam and online invigilation, webcasting and video hosting providers, educational technology providers and cloud service providers.
Examples of service providers used by IOB include:
Learning Management System providers
Video learning and lecture recording platforms
Online examination and invigilation providers
Customer relationship management platforms
Customer support and case management systems
Cloud hosting providers
Web conferencing platforms
Finance and payment service providers
Communications and marketing platforms
All our third-party service providers are required to take appropriate security measures to protect your personal data in line with our policies. We do not allow our third-party service providers to use your personal data for their own purposes. We only permit them to process your personal data for specified purposes and in accordance with our instructions.
We may share your personal data with:
affiliate associations with whom IOB operate joint qualification schemes in order to support and administer such schemes or with whom IOB co-host events and seminars (such as the Chartered Accounts Ireland, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners Ireland, the Institute of Management Consultants and Advisers and LIA)
your employer, sponsor or membership body, where they pay or administer your membership, programme, examination, CPD scheme or designation fees, or where this is otherwise necessary to administer the relevant arrangement. This may include sharing registration status, attendance, participation, assessment results, awards, CPD/designation status, engagement with IOB programmes, use of learning resources, viewing of online lectures or recorded learning content, and compliance with applicable programme, examination or CPD requirements. Such information may be shared with nominated HR, learning and development, regulatory, compliance or corporate portal contacts, where necessary for the relevant sponsorship, funding, designation or employer-supported arrangement.
Such information may also be shared for the purposes of confirming qualification status, programme participation, designation status, CPD compliance or other matters where the employer, sponsor, educational partner or professional standards body has a legitimate interest in receiving the information and sharing is permitted by law.
third parties involved in hosting or organising an event such as hotels where you book beverages, food and/or accommodation for an event or conference through IOB, catering companies, hospitality staff at event location.
other event attendees/delegates by way of an attendee/delegate list, seating plan or conferring booklets.
personal data relating to suppliers may be shared with banks, payment service providers, auditors, legal advisers, taxation authorities and other professional advisers where necessary.
our professional and legal advisors and other third parties in order to investigate complaints and disciplinary matters or to establish, exercise or defend our legal rights.
Internal and external auditors
third party companies that distribute our publications on our behalf.
In the case of students, we may also share certain personal data with your mentors, subject to obtaining your prior consent. We may also share your personal data with lecturers for the purposes of their confirming your attendance at our courses.
Where an individual participates in a professional designation, certification scheme or CPD programme administered jointly with another professional body, accreditation organisation or educational partner, IOB may share personal data relating to registration, designation status, qualification status, CPD compliance, assessment results, regulatory requirements, membership status and related administrative matters with that organisation where necessary to administer the relevant arrangement.
We may also need to share your personal data with a regulator, law enforcement authorities or to otherwise comply with the law.
IOB may share personal data with professional bodies, accreditation organisations, designation providers, educational partners and joint-controller organisations where necessary to administer qualifications, professional designations, CPD schemes, examinations, accreditations, regulatory obligations and associated governance activities.
We may transfer your personal data outside the EEA. This may occur where we use service providers, educational technology providers, cloud platforms, professional advisers, educational partners, employers, sponsors, faculty members, corporate partners or other recipients located outside the EEA.
IOB delivers educational, membership, designation and professional development services both within and outside the EEA. In doing so, personal data may be shared with employers, sponsors, educational partners, learners, faculty members and service providers located outside the EEA.
These countries may include jurisdictions in the Middle East and Asia-Pacific regions where IOB delivers programmes or maintains educational, professional or employer relationships, including (from time to time) the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Singapore, India and the Philippines.
If we do, we will only transfer your personal data outside the EEA if one of the following conditions applies:
The EU has issued regulations confirming that the country to which we transfer the personal data ensures an adequate level of protection for your rights and freedoms; or
Appropriate safeguards are in place such as binding corporate rules, standard contractual clauses, an approved code of conduct or a certification mechanism, a copy of which can be obtained from us; or
In exceptional circumstances, a transfer may take place under a derogation permitted by Article 49 GDPR, such as explicit consent after you have been informed of the possible risks, necessity for specified contractual purposes, important reasons of public interest, legal claims or vital interests. Such derogations are not used for routine or repetitive transfers.
Further information about the transfer mechanism and applicable safeguards, including how to obtain a copy where available, may be requested from the Data Protection Officer.
We have put in place appropriate security measures to prevent your personal data from being accidentally lost, used or accessed in an unauthorised way, altered or disclosed. In addition, we limit access to your personal data to those employees, agents, contractors and other third parties who have a business need to know. They will only process your personal data on our instructions and they are subject to a duty of confidentiality.
We have put in place procedures to deal with any suspected data security breach and will notify you and any applicable regulator of a suspected breach where we are legally required to do so.
IOB retains personal data only for as long as necessary to fulfil the purposes for which it was collected, including to satisfy legal, regulatory, educational, accounting, audit, quality assurance and reporting requirements. Different categories of personal data are retained for different periods depending on the nature of the relationship with IOB and the purpose for which the data is processed.
As a provider of professional education, membership, examinations, designations and continuing professional development services, IOB may retain certain educational, assessment and qualification records for extended periods where necessary to:
verify qualifications, awards, examination outcomes and academic standing;
maintain the integrity of professional education records;
respond to regulatory, accreditation and quality assurance requirements; and
protect the interests of members, learners, employers and educational partners.
In some circumstances we may anonymise your personal data so that it can no longer be associated with you, in which case we may use such data without further notice to you.
When personal data is no longer required, IOB will securely delete, anonymise or otherwise dispose of the data in accordance with its Records Retention Schedule, Records Management Policy and information security requirements.
It is important that the personal data we hold about you is accurate and current. Please keep us informed if your personal data changes during your working relationship with us.
When your personal information is handled by IOB in relation to a product or service, you are entitled to rely on a number of rights. These rights allow you to exercise control over the way in which your personal information is processed, subject to applicable exemptions.
Your rights include the following, subject to the conditions and exemptions provided by law:
Accessing your personal information: You can ask us for a copy of the personal information we hold about you.
Correcting and Updating your personal information: If you believe that any personal information we hold about you is inaccurate or out of date, you can ask us to correct the information.
Withdrawing consent: You can change your mind wherever you give us your consent, such as for direct marketing, or using your sensitive information, such as medical or biometric data.
Restricting our use of your personal information: You have the right to restrict our use of your personal information in certain circumstances, such as where our use of it is not compliant with applicable law.
Objecting to our use of your personal information: You have the right to object to us using your personal information, where we are doing so based on this being necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or for the purposes of a legitimate interest. Where you exercise this right to object, we will be obliged to stop using your personal information in that way, unless there are compelling legitimate grounds for us to continue to do so, despite your objection.
Not to be subject to automated decision making: You have a right (subject to limited exceptions) not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing of information, including profiling, which produced significant legal effects concerning you or otherwise significantly affects you.
Deleting your information (your right to be forgotten): In certain circumstances, you have the right to ask us to erase your personal data.
Moving your information in electronic form (your right to Portability): In certain circumstances, you have the right to receive personal data you provided to us in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format and to have those data transmitted to another controller where technically feasible.
You may exercise any of these rights by contacting us:
Phone: + 353 1 6116500
Email: [email protected]
When you exercise your data protection rights, make a complaint, or contact us about a data protection matter, we may ask you to identify yourself. This is to help protect your information. We will process the personal data you provide, together with relevant information we hold about you, for the purpose of assessing, managing, responding to and documenting your request, complaint or enquiry.
Once we are satisfied that we have effectively verified your identity, we will respond to the majority of requests without undue delay and within a one month period (i.e. 30 calendar days) of receipt of the request. IOB will respond to requests to rectify personal data without undue delay and within the applicable statutory period. Where possible, we will correct straightforward inaccuracies sooner. These periods may be extended in exceptional circumstances and we will inform you where the extended period applies to you along with an explanation of the reasons for the extension.
You will not have to pay a fee to access your personal data (or to exercise any of the other rights). However, we may charge a reasonable fee if your request for access is clearly unfounded or excessive. Alternatively, we may refuse to comply with the request in such circumstances.
In circumstances where you may have provided your consent to the collection, processing and transfer of your personal data for a specific purpose, you have the right to withdraw your consent for that specific processing at any time. To withdraw your consent, please contact [email protected]. Once we have received notification that you have withdrawn your consent, we will no longer process your data for the purpose or purposes you originally agreed to, unless we have another legitimate basis for doing so in law.
IOB, as a provider of Professional Education, CPD (Continuing Professional Development) and Membership Services to the financial services sector in Ireland and beyond, processes personal data for a variety of purposes relating to its members, employees, service providers and other third-parties involved with the organisation. IOB is therefore a data controller, and in some cases a data processor, and is subject to data protection legislation and regulation. IOB's Data Protection policy (available here) sets out data protection requirements which must be complied with by anyone who processes personal data for or on behalf of IOB.
IOB’s Data Protection Officer oversees how we collect, use, share and protect your information to ensure your rights are fulfilled. You may contact our Data Protection Officer at [email protected] or by writing to: Data Protection Officer, IOB, 47-49 Pearse Street, Dublin 2
If you have a complaint about the use of your personal information, please let a member of staff know, giving them the opportunity to correct things as quickly as possible. If you wish to make a complaint you may do so in writing and by email [email protected]. Please be assured that all complaints received will be fully investigated. We ask that you supply as much information as possible to help our staff resolve your complaint quickly.
You may also contact the Data Protection Commission in Ireland to lodge a complaint (details below).
Data Protection Commission,6 Pembroke Row, Dublin 2, D02 X963, Ireland Web: dataprotection.ie
We keep this notice and policy under regular review and will make changes from time-to-time, particularly when we change how we use your information, and change our technology and products or services. We will inform you of material changes to the contents of this Data Protection Notice, through a notification posted on our website or through other communication channels.